Iron Deficiency Anemia

What is iron Deficiency Anemia:

It is a common anemia in which  hemoglobin levels are low due to insufficient dietary intake and absorption of iron, and/or iron loss from bleeding which can originate from a range of sources such as the intestinal, uterine or urinary tract.

Common Causes:

In Pediatrics Age Group:

1) Dietary Deficiency

2) Large Consumption Of Cow Milk

3) Parasite Infestations like Hook Worm

In Adult Age Group:

1) During growth spurt

2) Dietary Deficiency

3) Malabsorption Syndrome

4) Menstruation

Etiological Classification of Anemia

Etiological Classification of Anemia:

This includes 3 Main types :
A. Impaired RBC production
B. Excessive destruction
C. Blood loss

A.Impaired RBC Production:

1. Abnormal bone marrow
1.1 Aplastic anemia
1.2 Myelophthisis : Myelofibrosis, Leukemia, Cancer metastasis
2. Essential factors deficiency
2.1 Deficiency anemia : Fe, Vit. B12, Folic acid, etc
2.2 Anemia in renal disease : Erythropoietin
3. Stimulation factor deficiency
3.1 Anemia in chronic disease
3.2 Anemia in hypopituitarism
3.3 Anemia in hypothyroidism

B.Excessive Destruction of RBC:

Hemolytic anemia

1. Intracorpuscular defect

1.1 Membrane : Hereditary spherocytosis Hereditary ovalocytosis, etc.
1.2 Enzyme : G-6PD deficiency, PK def., etc.
1.3 Hemoglobin : Thalassemia, Hemoglobino- pathies

2. Extracorpuscular defect

2.1 Mechanical : March hemolytic anemia MAHA (Microangiopathic HA)
2.2 Chemical/Physical
2.3 Infection : Clostridium tetani
2.4 Antibodies : HTR, SLE
2.5 Hypersplenism

C.Blood Loss:

 1. Acute blood loss : Accident, GI bleeding
 2. Chronic blood loss : Hypermenorrhea Parasitic infestation

Classification of Anemia?

Types and sub types of Anemia:

 I. Etiologic Classification
1. Impaired RBC production
2. Excessive destruction
3. Blood loss
II. Morphologic Classification
1. Macrocytic anemia
2. Microcytic hypochromic anemia
3. Normochromic normocytic anemia

What is Anemia?

Definition of Anemia:

 Anemia is defined as a condition in which there is a deficiency of red cells or of haemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor and weariness